Transient postoperative aphonia following instillation of bupivacaine into the shoulder joint.
نویسندگان
چکیده
References 1 Hemmerling TM, Michaud G, Deschamps S, Trager G. ‘Patients who sing need to be relaxed’--neuromuscular blockade as a solution for air-leaking during intermittent positive pressure ventilation using LMA (Letter). Can J Anesth 2005; 52: 549. 2 Figueredo E, Vivar-Diago M, Munoz-Blanco F. Laryngo-pharyngeal complaints after use of the laryngeal mask airway. Can J Anesth 1999; 46: 220–5. 3 Mollhoff T, Burgard G, Prien T. Low-flow and minimal-flow anaesthesia using the laryngeal mask airway. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1996; 13: 456–62. 4 Honemann CW, Hahnenkamp K, Mollhoff T, Baum JA. Minimal-flow anaesthesia with controlled ventilation: comparison between laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2001; 18: 458– 66. 5 Hemmerling TM, Beaulieu P, Jacobi KE, Babin D, Schmidt J. Neuromuscular blockade does not change the incidence or severity of pharyngolaryngeal discomfort after LMA anesthesia. Can J Anesth 2004; 51: 728–32.
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie
دوره 53 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2006